碳碳複合火箭噴嘴預型體(Carbon–carbon composite rocket nozzle preform)

碳碳複合材料預型體是高性能航太結構中不可或缺的基礎結構，其優異的高溫強度、熱穩定性與抗熱震能力，使其廣泛應用於火箭、太空梭與極端熱環境之中。圖中為一種火箭噴嘴使用的碳碳複合材料預型體，其成型需具備良好的控制與編織結構設計。碳碳複合材料係由碳纖維作為增強材料，搭配碳基樹脂或瀝青浸潤後經熱處理與石墨化製程所得。預型體階段的纖維排列與結構設計對於最終成品的力學性能及耐高溫表現有決定性影響，因此常使用三維編織或多軸編織技術以提升整體結構強度與穩定性。

此外，火箭噴嘴需承受數千度高溫與高速燃氣衝刷，故對預型體之結構完整性與碳纖維分布要求極高。設計時亦會依據使用需求進行形狀優化，以確保其在高溫高壓下仍能維持良好形變控制與耐久性，是現代高性能推進元件製程中的關鍵材料基礎。

Carbon-carbon composite preforms are essential foundational structures in high-performance aerospace applications. Due to their exceptional high-temperature strength, thermal stability, and resistance to thermal shock, they are widely used in rockets, space shuttles, and other extreme thermal environments. The image shows a carbon-carbon composite preform used for a rocket nozzle, which requires precise control and well-designed woven architecture during fabrication.

Carbon-carbon composites are made by reinforcing carbon fibers with carbon-based resin or pitch, followed by heat treatment and graphitization processes. The fiber arrangement and structural design at the preform stage have a decisive impact on the final product’s mechanical properties and high-temperature performance. Therefore, three-dimensional or multiaxial weaving techniques are often employed to enhance overall structural strength and stability.

In addition, rocket nozzles must withstand extremely high temperatures and high-speed gas erosion, making the structural integrity and fiber distribution of the preform critical. The design is also optimized according to usage requirements to ensure good deformation control and durability under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. As such, carbon-carbon composite preforms serve as a fundamental material basis in the fabrication of modern high-performance propulsion components.